Effect of Welding Constraints on the Mechanical Characteristic of ASTM A36 Mild Steel

Abstract

This study investigated the outcome of heat input on the mechanical characteristics of mild steel using the flux-coated electrode welding process on 6 mm thick plates with two edge preparations. Welding parameters comprised of 100 and 220 Voltages, currents of 70 A, 80 A, and 90 A, and electrode gauges of 10 and 12. The results show that increasing heat input decreases hardness and tensile strength due to grain coarsening, while ductility and impact strength improve. Lower heat input promotes finer grain structure and higher hardness. These findings agree with Singh & Kumar (2019), who testified higher hardness at lower voltage and upgraded ductility at higher voltage, and Rahangmetan et al. (2020), who highlighted the influence of electrode type and current on tensile strength and optimal welding performance in ASTM A36 steel joints.