Ideal Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic System to Enhance Sustainability of the Educational Buildings

Abstract

Energy availability is essential for every growing country, including Pakistan, to maintain economic progress.
To accommodate everyday needs, residential colonies and structures are growing daily. However, this growth is placing a strain on the power sector, which uses traditional sources of energy to generate power and pollutes the environment, contributing to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and global warming. In order to run their everyday operations, buildings need electricity and energy from traditional energy sources, which pollutes the environment and contributes to the greenhouse effect. This article presents the design and construction of a cost-effective renewable energy alternative, together with a renewable energy solution for an educational building 6th Block in Institute of Southern Punjab (ISP) Multan, Pakistan's densely populated city of saints, to alleviate environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. The energy source that is growing the quickest around the globe is solar electricity. Geographic and climatic studies indicate that Pakistan has a great deal of potential for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The average sun irradiation on a solar plane surface is 5-6 kWh/m2/day. Installed on building rooftops, solar power generation is an environmentally friendly and clean source of energy for autonomous, sustainable development. The optimal tilt angle for rooftop solar systems has also been designed and estimated, and performance ratios and losses have been examined using PVSyst modeling software. The simulated system took advantage of rooftop space and a grid-connected system to satisfy the highest demand, leaving adequate space for future system expansion to accommodate growing energy requirements. In order to receive the most solar radiation on the collector plane and produce the most energy with the least amount of module area, a suitable tilt angle is chosen for the summer is 10°-12°, and for winter is 47°-50°, to collect maximum solar irradiation. The analysis of performance ratios revealed that the highest Performance Ratio (PR)
of 90.6% was obtained in January and the lowest PR of 82.3% was gained in May. Nonetheless, 85.7% is the average PR for institutional buildings. The reduced power capacity of the system is caused by many sorts of losses. The suggested power generation used a smart, sustainable solar system to generate clean, green energy, saving 10863.891 tons of CO2 emissions. Using the same methods, proposed study will help reduce carbon emissions and electricity generation from traditional systems while creating and growing grid-connected photovoltaic systems for sustainable buildings worldwide.